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🌊 Waveguide Explorer
See electromagnetic waves travel through a hollow metal pipe, then size your own waveguide and compare its modes. The physics behind radar, satellites and microwave systems.
Waveguide Explorer
WR-90 · X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) · TE₁₀ mode
Travelling
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How to read this view
- Grey walls: the hollow metal pipe. The top and near wall are cut away so you can see inside.
- Cyan arrows: the electric field right now. Longer = stronger. They flip as the wave passes.
- Amber chevrons: which way energy flows, and how fast (a guide, not real objects).
- Yellow bracket (λg): one guide wavelength, the distance before the pattern repeats.
- White frame: where the slice view is taken.
- Drag to turn the view. Scroll or pinch to zoom.
10.0 GHz is above the TE₁₀ cutoff of 6.56 GHz, so the wave travels down the guide. Its energy moves at 76% of the speed of light.
- Cutoff fc
- 6.56 GHz
- Guide wavelength λg
- 39.7 mm
- Energy speed
- 76% of c
- Free-space λ
- 30.0 mm
10.0 GHz
▲ cutoff 6.56 GHz
Mode (field pattern)